Logic-Controlled Radical Polymerization with Heat and Light: Multiple-Stimuli Switching of Polymer Chain Growth via a Recyclable, Thermally Responsive Gel Photoredox Catalyst

被引:122
作者
Chen, Mao [1 ,2 ]
Deng, Shihong [1 ]
Gu, Yuwei [1 ]
Ling, Jun [1 ]
MacLeod, Michelle J. [1 ]
Johnson, Jeremiah K. [1 ]
机构
[1] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[2] Fudan Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, State Key Lab Mol Engn Polymers, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
VISIBLE-LIGHT; REDOX CONTROL; EXTERNAL REGULATION; POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE); INIFERTER; MONOMERS; LACTIDE; DRIVEN; BLOCK;
D O I
10.1021/jacs.6b10345
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Strategies for switching polymerizations between "ON" and "OFF" states offer new possibilities for materials design and fabrication. While switching of controlled radical polymerization has been achieve using light, applied voltage, allosteric effects, chemical reagents, pH, and mechanical force, it is still challenging to introduce multiple external switches using the same catalyst to achieve logic gating of controlled polymerization reactions. Herein, we report an easy-to-synthesize thermally responsive organo-/hydro-gel that features covalently bound 10-phenylphenothiazine (PTH). With this "Gel-PTH", we demonstrate switching of controlled radical polymerization reactions using temperature "LOW"/"HIGH", light "ON"/"OFF", and catalyst presence "IN"/"OUT". Various iniferters/initiators and a wide range of monomers including acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides, vinyl esters, and vinyl amides were polymerized by RAFT/iniferter and ATRP methods using Gel-PTH and a readily available compact fluorescent light (CFL) source. In all cases, polymer molar masses increased linearly with conversion, and narrow molar mass distributions were obtained. To further highlight the utility of Gel-PTH, we achieved "AND" gating of controlled radical polymerization wherein various combinations of three stimuli were required to induce polymer chain growth. Finally, block copolymer synthesis and catalyst recycling were demonstrated. Logic controlled polymerization with Gel-PTH offers a straightforward approach to achieve multiplexed external switching of polymer chain growth using a single catalyst without the need for addition of exogenous reagents.
引用
收藏
页码:2257 / 2266
页数:10
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