Cultivating Creativity in Conservation Science

被引:28
作者
Aslan, Clare E. [1 ]
Pinsky, Malin L. [2 ]
Ryan, Maureen E. [3 ,4 ,5 ]
Souther, Sara [6 ]
Terrell, Kimberly A. [7 ]
机构
[1] Arizona Sonora Desert Museum, Conservat Educ & Sci Dept, Tucson, AZ 85743 USA
[2] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
[3] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[4] Simon Fraser Univ, Earth Ocean Res Grp 2, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
[5] Western Washington Univ, Fairhaven Coll Interdisciplinary Studies, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA
[6] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[7] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20013 USA
关键词
creative; creativity training; effective conservation; innovative; strategic; conservacion efectiva; Creativo; entrenamiento en la creatividad; estrategico; innovador; OBSTACLES; CONFLICT; MODEL; EEG;
D O I
10.1111/cobi.12173
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
Conservation practitioners and scientists are often faced with seemingly intractable problems in which traditional approaches fail. While other sectors (e.g., business) frequently emphasize creative thinking to overcome complex challenges, creativity is rarely identified as an essential skill for conservationists. Yet more creative approaches are urgently needed in the effort to sustain Earth's biodiversity. We identified 4 strategies to develop skills in creative thinking and discuss underlying research and examples supporting each strategy. First, by breaking down barriers between disciplines and surrounding oneself with unfamiliar people, concepts, and perspectives, one can expand base knowledge and experiences and increase the potential for new combinations of ideas. Second, by meeting people where they are (both literally and figuratively), one exposes oneself to new environments and perspectives, which again broadens experiences and increases ability to communicate effectively with stakeholders. Third, by embracing risk responsibly, one is more likely to develop new, nontraditional solutions and be open to high-impact outcomes. Finally, by following a cycle of learning, struggle, and reflection, one can trigger neurophysiological changes that allow the brain to become more creative. Creativity is a learned trait, rather than an innate skill. It can be actively developed at both the individual and institutional levels, and learning to navigate the relevant social and practical barriers is key to the process. To maximize the success of conservation in the face of escalating challenges, one must take advantage of what has been learned from other disciplines and foster creativity as both a professional skill and an essential component of career training and individual development. Cultivando la Creatividad en la Ciencia de la Conservacion Resumen Los practicantes de la conservacion y los cientificos frecuentemente se enfrentan a problemas aparentemente intratables en los cuales los acercamientos tradicionales fallan. Mientras otros sectores (p. ej.: empresarial) enfatizan frecuentemente el pensamiento creativo para sobreponerse a retos complejos, la creatividad rara vez se identifica como una habilidad esencial para los conservacionistas. A pesar de esto se necesitan urgentemente mas acercamientos creativos en el esfuerzo de mantener la biodiversidad de la Tierra. Identificamos 4 estrategias para desarrollar habilidades en el pensamiento creativo y discutir investigaciones subyacentes y ejemplos que apoyan cada estrategia. Primero, al romper barreras entre disciplinas y rodeandose de gente, conceptos y perspectivas desconocidas, uno puede expandir el conocimiento basico y las experiencias; e incrementar el potencial de combinaciones nuevas de estas ideas. Segundo, al conocer en donde estan (tanto literal como figurativamente), uno se expone a nuevos ambientes y perspectivas, lo que tambien amplia las experiencias e incrementa la habilidad de comunicarse efectivamente con las partes interesadas. Tercero, al aceptar responsablemente el riesgo, es mas probable desarrollar soluciones nuevas y no-tradicionales y estar mas abierto a resultados de alto impacto. Finalmente, al seguir un ciclo de aprendizaje, lucha y reflexion, uno puede disparar cambios neurofisiologicos que permiten al cerebro volverse mas creativo. La creatividad es una habilidad aprendida y no una innata. Puede desarrollarse activamente tanto en el nivel individual como en el institucional y aprender a navegar las barreras sociales y practicas relevantes es clave en este proceso. Para maximizar el exito de la conservacion frente a retos crecientes, uno debe tomar ventaja de lo que se ha aprendido de otras disciplinas y cultivar la creatividad como una habilidad profesional y un componente esencial del entrenamiento en la carrera y el desarrollo individual.
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页码:345 / 353
页数:9
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