New uncharged gemini-amphiphiles have been synthesized. A series of cationic liposomes based on the polycationic amphiphile 1,26-bis(cholest-5-en-3 beta-yloxycarbonylamino)-7,11,16,20-tetraazahexacosan tetrahydrochloride (2X3), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) and uncharged gemini-amphiphiles that contain short hydrophobic and long hydrophilic spacers have been prepared. The physicochemical characteristics, cytotoxicity, and transfection activity of cationic liposomes have been studied. Cationic liposomes that include 10% (mol) of a uncharged gemini-amphiphile with the oligooxymethylene spacer have formed small complexes with plasmid DNA and efficiently delivered it into eukaryotic cells.