The Frontal Assessment Battery in RLS patients with and without augmentation

Objective: We assessed frontal executive functions in patients with RLS/WED with and without augmentation and compared the results to healthy controls. Methods: We recruited 38 patients with RLS/WED. A total of 23 patients were treated with dopaminergic therapy and showed no signs of augmentation and 15 patients had a history of augmentation (AUG). Results were compared to 21 healthy controls. All individuals were assessed by the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and the MMSE. Furthermore, impulsivity was assessed during a semi-structured interview. Results: Patients with AUG performed worse in the FAB than healthy controls and RLS/WED patients without AUG (p = 0.001, eta(2) = 0.201). When we assessed the subtests of the FAB separately, we found a significant difference in the subtest assessing inhibitory control (p = 0.008, eta(2) = 0.138). Conclusions: Our findings suggest an impaired executive function in RLS/WED patients with augmentation compared to RLS/WED patients without augmentation and healthy controls. Long term neuroplastic changes within the prefrontal cortex may be the underlying cause for these results. However, further studies in a larger sample size and with a more extensive neuropsychological test battery are needed to confirm our preliminary results. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.