Optimal Strategies for Dengue Prevention and Control during Daily Commuting between Two Residential Areas

In this paper, we report an application for the mathematical theory of dynamic optimization for design of optimal strategies that account for daily commuting of human residents, aiming to reduce vector-borne infections (dengue) among human populations. Our analysis is based on a two-patch dengue transmission model amended with control variables that represent personal protection measures aimed at reduction of the number of contacts between mosquitoes and human hosts (e.g., the use of repellents, mosquito nets, or insecticide-treated clothing). As a result, we have proposed and numerically solved an optimal control problem to minimize the costs associated with the application of control measures, while also minimizing the total number of dengue-infected people in both residential areas. Our principal goal was to identify an optimal strategy for personal protection that renders the maximal number of averted human infections per unit of invested cost, and this goal has been accomplished on the grounds of cost-effectiveness analysis.