Effect of Adhatoda zeylanica Ethanolic Extract on Attenuated Kidney in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Objective The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Adhatoda zeylanica (EAZ) leaves on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) and its renal complications in male Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods Adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly selected from a colony, divided into four groups, namely, A, B, C, and D, with each having six rats ( n = 6) and each weighing between 200 and 250 g. Group A served as control and received only water per oral (p.o.). Group B, C, and D animals received a single dose of STZ at 45 mg/kg body weight (kbw) intraperitoneal administration (i.p.) on day 1 and observed for fasting blood glucose (FBG) to induce DM for next 72 hours. After the DM was induced, group B served as DM control, group C received the standard drug glibenclamide (GL) at 5 mg/kbw p.o. once daily, and group D received EAZ of 500 mg/kbw p.o. once daily for 35 days. After the observation period, the animals were euthanized, serum creatinine and blood urea, antioxidants in the kidney tissue homogenate, and histopathological studies were assessed to know the ameliorative effect of the test drugs. Results Renal parameters, such as serum creatinine, blood urea, antioxidants activities, in group D were nearer to the control when compared with groups B and C. Histopathological studies revealed that there was minimal renal damage in group D when compared with groups B and C. Conclusion Administration of ethanolic EAZ showed significant ameliorative effects on the FBG, biochemical, oxidative, and histopathological parameters on kidney tissues treated with STZ to induce DM.