Advances in research of ENSO changes and the associated impacts on Asian-Pacific climate

This review provides a summary on the recent major advances in research of ENSO changes and the associated impacts on Asian-Pacific climate. Achievements in the following topics are summarized: 1) the asymmetry between El Nio and La Nia; 2) the different features of central Pacific (CP) El Nio and eastern Pacific (EP) El Nio; 3) the change of ENSO in a warming world, including analysis of pre-industrial control simulation, historical simulation and climate projections of coupled climate system model; 4) Impact of EP ENSO on warm-pool air-sea interaction and East Asianwestern North Pacific summer monsoon; 5) Impacts of CP ENSO on Asian-Pacific climate, with focus on East Asian seasonal precipitation and tropical cyclones in the western Pacific. Research results published in the recent 5 years are the major sources for this review. Based on the review of the current progresses, some challenging issues needed to be investigated in the future are highlighted.