Microsporogenensis of Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.)

Physalis angulata L. is one of the member of Solanaceae which is known have medicinal properties, but it has not been widely cultivated commercially. Propagation of ciplukan plants can be done generatively or vegetatively. Generative propagation is done through seed germination which is the ovulum development after fertilization. The success of the fertilization is determined by the quality of the pollen produced through the microsporogenesis in the anther. The flowering phase is closely related to gametogenesis and embryogenesis. The process of gametogenesis begins with microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. Microsporogenesis is observed through anther development. The aim of this study is to observe microsporogenesis of P.angulata L. The research was carried out by collecting various stages of flower development, providing cross section of anthers by paraffin embedding methods, and analyzing results of qualitative data. The result showed that anthesis in P. angulata L. takes 12-14 days. The 5 stamens are loose and pale yellow in color. The youngest bud to anthesis was observed in diameter and length of buds are respectively +/- 1 mm; +/- 2.3 mm and +/- 9 mm; +/- 9mm. Microsporogenesis occurs in loculi. The anther wall consists of 4-5 tissue layers which are epidermis, endothesium, middle layer, and tapetum. Anther walls formation is included in dycotiledonous type, while tapetum is secretory type. Microspores of P. angulata are originated from microspore mother cell and develops into adult microspore in tetrahedral tetrad microspore which experience simultaneous cytokinesis.