40-Hz multiple auditory steady-state responses to narrow-band chirps in sedated and anaesthetized infants

Objective: The general consensus to date has been that a stimulus repetition rate of 40 Hz is not appropriate for the recording of auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) in sedated or anaesthetized infants. The aim of this study was to investigate whether reliable 40-Hz ASSR thresholds can be obtained in sedated infants using narrow-band chirp stimuli in the clinical routine. Methods: 40-Hz auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and 40-Hz ASSR were recorded in 34 infants below the age of 48 months under sedation or under general anaesthesia. ABR were evoked by broad-band chirp stimuli with a flat amplitude spectrum. ASSR were recorded simultaneously from both ears with an adaptive multiple stimulus paradigm using four narrow-band chirps centred at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz. ABR and ASSR thresholds were evaluated to determine differences between the estimates from the two methods. Results: Despite of sedation and anaesthesia, large wave V amplitudes of the chirp evoked 40-Hz ABR were found at levels as low as 10 dB above the individual ABR threshold. ASSR thresholds for stimulus repetition rates of 40 Hz could be consistently estimated in all 34 infants. Thresholds estimated from the ASSR for the four frequencies of the narrow-band chirps and the threshold derived from the broad-band chirp ABR differ, on average by 3.7 dB for the frequency range of 1000-2000 Hz and 7.1 dB for the frequency range from 2000 to 4000 Hz. Conclusion: In contrast to the general assumption that 40-Hz ASSR are not appropriate for threshold estimation in infants our results demonstrate that multiple ASSR with a stimulus repetition rate of 40 Hz can be recorded in sedated and anaesthetized infants using narrow-band chirps. Threshold estimates obtained with 40-Hz ASSR are, on average, slightly higher than those obtained with chirp evoked ABR but allow for a frequency specific characterisation of the hearing ability. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.