Endocannabinoids are a new class of lipids, which include amides, esters and ethers of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine; AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are the main endogenous agonists of cannabinoid receptors able to mimic several pharmacological effects of Delta-tetrahydrocannabinol, the active principle of Cannabis saliva preparations like hashish and marijuana. AEA is released "on demand" from membrane lipids, and its activity at the receptors is limited by cellular uptake followed by intracellular hydrolysis. Together with AEA and congeners, the proteins which bind, synthesize, transport and hydrolyze AEA form the "endocannabinoid system". Endogenous cannabinoids are present in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues, suggesting a physiological role as broad spectrum modulators. This review summarizes the main features of the endocannabinoid system, and the latest advances on its involvement in ageing of central and peripheral cells. In addition, the therapeutic potential of recently developed drugs able to modulate the endocannabinoid tone for the treatment of ageing and age-related human pathologies will be reviewed.
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Univ Salerno, Dept Pharm, Via G Paolo 2, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
Univ Salerno, PhD Program Drug Discovery & Dev, I-84084 Salerno, ItalyUniv Salerno, Dept Pharm, Via G Paolo 2, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
Capolupo, Ilaria
Miranda, Maria Rosaria
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Univ Salerno, Dept Pharm, Via G Paolo 2, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
Univ Salerno, PhD Program Drug Discovery & Dev, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
NBFC Natl Biodivers Future Ctr, I-90133 Palermo, ItalyUniv Salerno, Dept Pharm, Via G Paolo 2, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
Miranda, Maria Rosaria
Musella, Simona
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Univ Salerno, Dept Pharm, Via G Paolo 2, I-84084 Salerno, ItalyUniv Salerno, Dept Pharm, Via G Paolo 2, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
Musella, Simona
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Di Sarno, Veronica
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Manfra, Michele
Ostacolo, Carmine
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Univ Salerno, Dept Pharm, Via G Paolo 2, I-84084 Salerno, ItalyUniv Salerno, Dept Pharm, Via G Paolo 2, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
Ostacolo, Carmine
Bertamino, Alessia
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Univ Salerno, Dept Pharm, Via G Paolo 2, I-84084 Salerno, ItalyUniv Salerno, Dept Pharm, Via G Paolo 2, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
Bertamino, Alessia
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Campiglia, Pietro
Ciaglia, Tania
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Univ Salerno, Dept Pharm, Via G Paolo 2, I-84084 Salerno, ItalyUniv Salerno, Dept Pharm, Via G Paolo 2, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
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Neurosci Res Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
Schizophrenia Res Inst, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, AustraliaNeurosci Res Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
Karl, Tim
Cheng, David
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Neurosci Res Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, AustraliaNeurosci Res Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
Cheng, David
Garner, Brett
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Univ Wollongong, Illawarra Hlth & Med Res Inst, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, AustraliaNeurosci Res Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
Garner, Brett
Arnold, Jonathon C.
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Univ Sydney, Discipline Pharmacol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Brain & Mind Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaNeurosci Res Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia