Specific effects of neurofeedback on impulsivity in ADHD

The evidence base for neurofeedback (NF), a behavioral technique aiming at an improvement of ADHD core symptoms via the modification of neurophysiologic parameters, has improved in recent years. This paper presents an overview of current research on NF for ADHD. In several studies short-term effects of NF matched those of pharmacotherapeutic stimulant treatment. Results concerning the stability of its effects are encouraging. In our pilot study, 34 ADHD children were randomly assigned to NF or a computerized attention training. Only NF led to a significant reduction in impulsivity errors in a stop-signal paradigm, while parent ratings showed no differential effects. A normalization of key neurophysiologic correlates of response inhibition only occurred in the NF group. NF is a promising approach for the treatment of ADHD. However, there is a need for further controlled studies using standardized diagnostic criteria, adequate sample sizes, and appropriate measures and follow-up.