Income Inequality, Socioeconomic Deprivation and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in Mexico

被引:58
作者
Alfredo Fernandez-Nino, Julian [1 ]
Soledad Manrique-Espinoza, Betty [1 ]
Bojorquez-Chapela, Ietza [2 ]
Salinas-Rodriguez, Aaron [1 ]
机构
[1] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Evaluat Res & Surveys, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
[2] El Colegio Frontera Norte, Dept Populat Studies, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
来源
PLOS ONE | 2014年 / 9卷 / 09期
关键词
LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION; PHYSICAL HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; NEIGHBORHOOD; URBAN; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; OUTCOMES; INDEX;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0108127
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Objective: Depression is the second most common mental disorder in older adults (OA) worldwide. The ways in which depression is influenced by the social determinants of health-specifically, by socioeconomic deprivation, income inequality and social capital -have been analyzed with only partially conclusive results thus far. The objective of our study was to estimate the association of income inequality and socioeconomic deprivation at the locality, municipal and state levels with the prevalence of depressive symptoms among OA in Mexico. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative sample of 8,874 OA aged 60 and over. We applied the brief seven-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to determine the presence of depressive symptoms. Additionally, to select the principal context variables, we used the Deprivation Index of the National Population Council of Mexico at the locality, municipal and state levels, and the Gini Index at the municipal and state levels. Finally, we estimated the association of income inequality and socioeconomic deprivation with the presence of depressive symptoms using a multilevel logistic regression model. Results: Socioeconomic deprivation at the locality (OR = 1.28; p< 0.10) and municipal levels (OR = 1.16; p<0.01) correlated significantly with the presence of depressive symptoms, while income inequality did not. Conclusions: The results of our study confirm that the social determinants of health are relevant to the mental health of OA. Further research is required, however, to identify which are the specific socioeconomic deprivation components at the locality and municipal levels that correlate with depression in this population group.
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页数:8
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