Problems of neutralization and utilization of highly toxic industrial wastes, their processing with obtaining valuable components

For the enterprises of the Russian Federation, an urgent task is to maximize the use of available natural resources in order to create low-waste and waste-free production. This approach will not only make rational use of the available raw material base, but also solve environmental problems inherent in places where natural resources are being extracted. Modern technologies allow for deep processing of mineral raw materials. Huge reserves of useful components are contained in man-made waste arising from the extraction, enrichment and processing of ore dressing products of many non-ferrous and rare metals. In the tailings of the enrichment of non-ferrous metal ores, the proportion of untreated components from their amount in the initial ore is, respectively (average and maximum values) in %: zinc - 26 and 47; lead - 23 and 39; copper - 13 and 36; nickel - 10 and 25. The recovery rate of the main minerals in Russia is 65-78%, and associated elements (in non-ferrous metallurgy) - 10 to 30%. Modern trends of deep processing of waste of I and II classes for obtaining secondary products suitable for further use are presented in the article.