A multi-label classification approach for detecting test smells over java']java projects

Software testing plays a critical role in the development and the assurance of the software quality. However, the quality of the code that is responsible for testing may, itself, be affected by poor design choices, known as test smells. In the literature, test smells may be interpreted differently by developers, which in turn can lead to different detection tools and results. In our work, we have selected the mostly commonly used detection tools and have investigated their overall agreement across different projects and different test smells. The found results were evaluated according to the average level of agreement, where we observed a definite disagreement between the tools. To overcome this gap of misinterpreta-tion, we propose in this paper a multi-label classification approach to detect test smells based on a deep representation of the test code. We conducted our experiments using 4 problem-transformation tech-niques and 4 ensemble techniques. To evaluate our experimental results, we built a benchmark using a tool-based approach for labelling and made it publicly available. Binary Relevance and RAkEL are found to be the best multi-label techniques that achieve high performance results.(c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).