Laboratory investigation of flow rate through composite liners consisting of a geomembrane, a GCL and a soil liner

Composite liners comprising a geomembrane (GM) with a circular hole, a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) and a compacted clay liner were studied in tests conducted at three scales to measure the flow rates at the interface between the GM and the GCL and in the composite liners. The tests conducted aimed at studying the influence of the prehydration of the GCLs, the influence of the confining stress, and the influence of the hydraulic head on flow rates through composite liners due to defects in the GM. Another goal of these tests was to check the feasibility of an extrapolation of results obtained from small-scale tests to field conditions. The results indicate that the prehydration affected flow rate in a different way according to the confining stress applied and the GCL used. These also indicate that the flow rate decreases with the increase in confining stress and that this effect is higher for prehydrated GCLs than for non-prehydrated GCLs. These results show as well that the flow rate increases when the hydraulic head increases. Finally, small-scale tests overestimate the flow as compared to intermediate and large-scale tests and thus flow obtained in small-scale tests represent an upper bound of flow that would be obtained in field conditions. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.