Behavior of Sulfur Oxides in Nonferrous Metal Smelters and Implications on Future Control and Emission Estimation

被引:36
作者
Wu, Qingru [1 ,2 ]
Sun, Xiaohui [1 ]
Su, Yingbin [3 ]
Wen, Minneng [1 ]
Li, Guoliang [1 ]
Xu, Liwen [1 ]
Li, Zhijian [1 ]
Ren, Yujia [1 ]
Zou, Jing [1 ]
Zheng, Haotian [1 ]
Tang, Yi [1 ]
Duan, Lei [1 ,2 ]
Wang, Shuxiao [1 ,2 ]
Zhang, Qin [3 ]
机构
[1] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
[2] State Environm Protect Key Lab Sources & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
[3] Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, Peoples R China
关键词
CONDENSABLE PARTICULATE MATTER; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY EMISSIONS; AIR-POLLUTION; CHINA; REDUCTION; IMPACT; REGION; ZINC;
D O I
10.1021/acs.est.9b01600
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
This study jointly conducted a field investigation and thermodynamic model simulation in three nonferrous metal smelters (NFMS) to identify sulfur oxides (SOX) formation, transformation, and emissions in the flue gas. Most of SOX was released as sulfur dioxides (SO2) at the outlet of the furnace with the molar proportion of sulfur trioxides (SO3) of 1.0-4.1%. The formation of SO3 in smelters depended on temperature, material composition, and flue gas components. These factors were relatively certain once the production was designed. During the use of air pollution control devices (APCDs), SO3 removal alternated with its formation in the APCDs of the smelting/roasting step. Deep clean measures could not ensure standard emissions of SO3 in all smelters. Under the strict production and emission requirements, we recommended the combined effort of production design, parameter optimization, and deep clean measures to control SO3 pollution. In addition, recognizing the underestimation of the national inventory (10% at the most) due to the lack of emissions from NFMS, we suggested the attention on SOX emissions from sectors using high-sulfur raw materials in the pyroprocess. Besides, the higher potential of SO3 on secondary particle formation highlighted the distinction of SO3 and SO2 emissions in inventories for better evaluation of their environmental impact.
引用
收藏
页码:8796 / 8804
页数:9
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