Local knowledge and the precarious extension of scientific networks: A reflection on three case studies

Recent work within the sociology of science proposes that what is distinctive about science is its ability to escape from its local conditions of production and travel long distances. Its ability to work far from home allows scientists to promote their knowledge as universal, as distinct from more localized forms of 'traditional' knowledge. In this paper we examine work conducted within the new sociology of science and consider its account of how science moves into, or colonizes, local contexts. We outline three case studies - Gallon's study of scallop fishing, Wynne's analysis of Cumbrian sheep farmers and Chernobyl fallout, and our own work on conservation in the Pevensey Levels - which show that in practice the extension of the networks is precarious. A common feature of these studies, however, is the way scientists tend to ignore local understandings of particular places. We conclude by arguing that problem solving in local contexts might be better achieved if scientists were more attuned to local forms of knowledge. The extension of science into the field should therefore be considered as a collective process involving both local and scientific actors working in concert.