Associations between inflammatory markers and well-being during 12 weeks of basic military training

Purpose Stress, anxiety and physical exertion are all closely linked to well-being, and each can alter immune function. Diminished well-being has been observed during military training, however there is mixed evidence regarding whether concomitant changes in inflammatory markers occur, with these phenomena indicating potential maladaptive responses to imposed training loads. The aims of this project were (1) assess changes in inflammation and subjective well-being across a 12-week basic military training (BMT) program, and (2) evaluate relationships between circulating inflammatory markers and well-being. Methods A total of 37 men and women undergoing 12 weeks of BMT in Australia were recruited. Well-being was assessed via questionnaire (DASS-21), and plasma samples were collected for the analysis of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-1 beta, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] at weeks 1, 4, 8 and 12. Data were analysed using general linear mixed models. Results Depression, anxiety and stress subscale scores all significantly improved (all P <= 0.001), and TNF-alpha decreased (P = 0.031) across time. Compared to baseline (week 1), significant decreases in associations between depression and IL-10, anxiety and IL-10, and stress and IL-10, IL-4 IL-6 and TNF-alpha (all P < 0.05), were detected across BMT. Conclusion The BMT program appears to support improved well-being over the 12 weeks, with minimal perturbation to inflammatory markers. Biomarkers and well-being displayed consistent associations and may have utility as psychophysiological indicators of health status in military research, however for now, subjective measures may represent more cost-effective proxies for ongoing monitoring of military personnel.