Poorly-/well-dispersed graphene: Abnormal influence on flammability and fire behavior of intumescent flame retardant

被引:191
作者
Yuan, Bihe [1 ]
Sun, Yaru [1 ]
Chen, Xianfeng [1 ]
Shi, Yongqian [2 ]
Dai, Huaming [1 ]
He, Song [1 ]
机构
[1] Wuhan Univ Technol, Sch Resources & Environm Engn, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China
[2] Fuzhou Univ, Coll Environm & Resources, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Thermal properties; Thermal analysis; LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE; POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE; THERMAL-STABILITY; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; EXPANDED GRAPHITE; EPOXY-RESIN; OXIDE;
D O I
10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.03.022
中图分类号
T [工业技术];
学科分类号
08 ;
摘要
Surface feature of ammonium polyphosphate is modified by cation exchange reaction with piperazine, and then reduced graphene oxide nanosheets are attached to the surface of modified flame retardant via hydrogen bonding interactions. Good dispersion of graphene in the polypropylene matrix is observed. The dispersion state of graphene has an abnormal effect on the flammability results under small flame and fire behavior under forced flaming condition of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) composites. The well-dispersed graphene results in significantly deteriorated limiting oxygen index and UL-94 rating. The graphene with good dispersion is adverse to flammability results, which is in contrary to the widely-acknowledged flame retardant mechanisms. Low content of well-dispersed graphene exhibits higher reduction effect on heat release than that of poorly-dispersed counterpart. Novel flame retardant mechanism and model are proposed and new understanding of the role of graphene in the combustion of IFR is provided.
引用
收藏
页码:345 / 354
页数:10
相关论文
共 65 条
[1]   Superior electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness and electro-mechanical properties of EMA-IRGO nanocomposites through the in-situ reduction of GO from melt blended EMA-GO composites [J].
Bhawal, Poushali ;
Ganguly, Sayan ;
Das, Tushar Kanti ;
Mondal, Subhadip ;
Choudhury, Soumyadip ;
Das, N. C. .
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING, 2018, 134 :46-60
[2]   Fire retardant polymers: recent developments and opportunities [J].
Bourbigot, Serge ;
Duquesne, Sophie .
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, 2007, 17 (22) :2283-2300
[3]   A novel strategy to simultaneously electrochemically prepare and functionalize graphene with a multifunctional flame retardant [J].
Cai, Wei ;
Feng, Xiaming ;
Wang, Bibo ;
Hu, Weizhao ;
Yuan, Bihe ;
Hong, Ningning ;
Hu, Yuan .
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, 2017, 316 :514-524
[4]   Using clay in PA-based intumescent formulations. Fire performance and kinetic parameters [J].
Dabrowski, F ;
Le Bras, M ;
Delobel, R ;
Gilman, JW ;
Kashiwagi, T .
MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA, 2003, 194 :201-206
[5]   Mechanical behavior and properties of hydrogen bonded graphene/polymer nano-interfaces [J].
Dai, Zhaohe ;
Wang, Guorui ;
Liu, Luqi ;
Hou, Yuan ;
Wei, Yueguang ;
Zhang, Zhong .
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2016, 136 :1-9
[6]   Recent developments in the fire retardancy of polymeric materials [J].
Dasari, Aravind ;
Yu, Zhong-Zhen ;
Cai, Gui-Peng ;
Mai, Yiu-Wing .
PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE, 2013, 38 (09) :1357-1387
[7]   Phosphorus-containing flame retardant modified layered double hydroxides and their applications on polylactide film with good transparency [J].
Ding, Peng ;
Kang, Bai ;
Zhang, Jin ;
Yang, Jingwen ;
Song, Na ;
Tang, Shengfu ;
Shi, Liyi .
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE, 2015, 440 :46-52
[8]   Flame-Retardancy Properties of Intumescent Ammonium Poly(Phosphate) and Mineral Filler Magnesium Hydroxide in Combination with Graphene [J].
Dittrich, Bettina ;
Wartig, Karen-Alessa ;
Muelhaupt, Rolf ;
Schartel, Bernhard .
POLYMERS, 2014, 6 (11) :2875-2895
[9]   Carbon black, multiwall carbon nanotubes, expanded graphite and functionalized graphene flame retarded polypropylene nanocomposites [J].
Dittrich, Bettina ;
Wartig, Karen-Alessa ;
Hofmann, Daniel ;
Muelhaupt, Rolf ;
Schartel, Bernhard .
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, 2013, 24 (10) :916-926
[10]   Flame retardancy through carbon nanomaterials: Carbon black, multiwall nanotubes, expanded graphite, multi-layer graphene and graphene in polypropylene [J].
Dittrich, Bettina ;
Wartig, Karen-Alessa ;
Hofmann, Daniel ;
Muelhaupt, Rolf ;
Schartel, Bernhard .
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY, 2013, 98 (08) :1495-1505