Virtual endoscopy-a new assessment tool in difficult airway management

Preemptive mapping of the airway is a useful adjunct to conventional clinical assessments when airway management planning for patients with complex head and neck pathology. Nasendoscopy is frequently used for this purpose but is also invasive and poorly tolerated in a subset of patients and, even in expert hands, may not allow complete visualization of the glottis and subglottic structures. We present a novel tool for difficult airway management planning in the form of virtual endoscopy by applying free online OsiriX software to head and neck computed tomographic scans to generate a "fly-through" airway reconstruction. To highlight how well virtual endoscopy correlates to conventional fibreoscopy, we compare both of these assessment tools in 3 patients with glottic, subglottic, and multilevel airway pathologies. Virtual endoscopy represents a unique, noninvasive, safe, and accurate airway assessment and educational resource, which warrants further exploration. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.