Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults Attending Health Care Centers in Tehran, Iran

Background: Studies on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) can be valuable for public health to help in developing targeted educational programs and assessing the effectiveness of interventional programs. Objectives: This study was designed to determine the level of current knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), CVD risk factors and symptoms in adults attending health care centers in Tehran province. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using a self-administered questionnaire with score of 0 - 100 on adults aged > 20 years attending ten health care centers in Tehran province, Iran. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used in data analysis. Results: A total of 300 adults (51.3% females) with a mean age of 39.71 +/- 12.1 years participated in this study. The median (IQR) score for knowledge about CVD was 91.7 (16.7); approximately 80% of respondents' awareness was highly satisfactory and hypertension was the commonest identified risk factor followed by obesity. Furthermore, the median (IQR) score for attitude was 89 (18); 70% of respondents had a highly satisfactory attitude about CVD. Regarding physical activity and nutrition/smoking behaviors, just 10.7% and 32% had highly satisfactory behavior, respectively. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, attending university education and age >= 40 years were independent factors of a better level of CVD knowledge; attending university education, and having a family history of chronic disease were independent factors of a better level of CVD attitude. Regarding a higher physical activity behavior, being a man, and for a better nutrition & smoking behavior, attending university education were the only independent factors. Conclusions: Although more than half of the current study participants had high knowledge and attitude about CVD, their behaviors is not satisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to establish more effective educational interventions aimed at promoting positive health behaviors and explaining to the public that knowledge and action regarding the reduction of risk factors are linked to reduced CVD and mortality.