Impact of the QBO on surface winter climate

The European winter surface climate response to the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and its dependence on stratospheric resolution is cleanly assessed in idealized seasonal hindcasts with two versions of the Hadley Centre's atmospheric general circulation model. The standard 38-level version extends to an altitude of 39 km while the extended 60-level version has enhanced stratospheric resolution and reaches 84-km altitude. We show that both models generate a realistic stratospheric polar and surface European Arctic Oscillation (AO) response to the QBO for winter hindcasts initialized on 1 December and suggest that the better representation of the QBO in the L60 model will lead to improved forecasts at seasonal-to-multiannual timescales.