Laser-induced graphene: preparation, functionalization and applications

Recently graphene-based materials (GBMs) have gained tremendous attention for their enormous potentials for various functional devices due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, the cost effective synthesis and patterning of carbon nanomaterials are a challenge, which significantly restricts its applications. Therefore, straightforward preparation and processing of GBMs in a scalable approach is still a important goal. In recent years, laser direct writing (LDW) technique provides a powerful processing method for the broad application of laser-induced graphene (LIG) which does not rely on either high temperature or toxic chemicals. This article aims to update the latest results in this rapidly evolving field and to provide critical insights to inspire more exciting developments of LIG and its functionalization. Based on the interaction mechanisms and physical effects, we comparatively review the methods of preparation and functionalization of LIG, including inducing, structuring, doping and hybriding. In this progress report, the applications of LIG and its GBMs patterned by LDW technique were discussed in the fields of optoelectronic devices, energy storage devices, biosensors and biomimetic devices.