Impacts of variable magnetic field on a ferrofluid flow inside a cavity including a helix using ISPH method

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the unsteady ferrofluid flow with a hot source helix inside a cavity under the impacts of a variable magnetic field by using the incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. Design/methodology/approach The governing equations are formulated by considering the basics of the magnetohydrodynamic and ferrohydrodynamics. Different locations of a variable magnetic source outside the geometry are investigated. The helical coils are extensively applied in the cooling and heating of air conditioners and heat pumps. Computations were carried out for different lengths of the heated helix (0.2 <= L-h <= 0.8), different locations of the magnetic source, (a = 0.5, b = -0.01), (a = 0.5, b = 1.01), (a = 1.01, b = 0.5), (a = -0.01, b = 0.5), different numbers of the inner helix (one helix, two helixes and three helixes) and different values of the nanoparticles volume fraction (0% <= phi <= 10%). Findings The outcomes of the investigations revealed that an increase in the lengths of a helix by 0.4 results in a reduction of the stream function by 25.60%. In addition, when the magnetic wire is located near the center of the right wall, the maximum values of the average Nusselt number are obtained while the smallest values of the average Nusselt number are given when the magnetic source is located near center of the top wall. Originality/value The novelty of this paper is investigating the natural convection flow from two different models of an inner hot helix inside a cavity with considering different locations of variable magnetic sources.