Frequency Reconfigurable Fractal Patch Circularly Polarized Antennas for GSM/Wi-Fi/Wi-MAX Applications

Frequency reconfigurable circularly polarized (CP) fractal antennas are presented. At first, a fractal shaped slot is inscribed on the bigger size fractal structure. Inside the scratched opening, a small size asymmetrical fractal patch is embedded and switching diodes are brought along x and y - sides to attach these internal and external patches. By applying asymmetrical fractal curves as boundaries, imbalance is developed inside the structure for CP. The sizes of the inner and outer patches are chosen in the sort of manner to resonate the antenna at GSM (1.8 GHz), WLAN (2.45 GHz) and Wi-MAX (3.4 GHz) bands, respectively. The fractal curve parameters are optimized to enhance CP radiation. Four switches are used to govern the antenna. Measured and simulation outcomes are in near agreement, which proves that the suggested antennas are well ideal for WLAN/Wi-MAX, GSM/Wi-Fi, GSM/Wi-Fi/Wi-MAX applications. Similarly, several frequency reconfigurable antennas have been studied by using various fractal curves.