Cygnus X-1 contains a 21-solar mass black hole-Implications for massive star winds

被引：206

作者：

Miller-Jones, James C. A. ^{[1
]}

Bahramian, Arash ^{[1
]}

Orosz, Jerome A. ^{[2
]}

Mandel, Ilya ^{[3
,4
,5
]}

Gou, Lijun ^{[6
,7
]}

Maccarone, Thomas J. ^{[8
]}

Neijssel, Coenraad J. ^{[3
,4
,5
]}

Zhao, Xueshan ^{[6
,7
]}

Ziolkowski, Janusz ^{[9
]}

Reid, Mark J. ^{[10
]}

Uttley, Phil ^{[11
]}

Zheng, Xueying ^{[6
,7
,27
]}

Byun, Do-Young ^{[12
,13
]}

Dodson, Richard ^{[14
]}

Grinberg, Victoria ^{[15
]}

Jung, Taehyun ^{[12
,13
]}

Kim, Jeong-Sook ^{[12
]}

Marcote, Benito ^{[16
]}

Markoff, Sera ^{[11
,17
]}

Rioja, Maria J. ^{[14
,18
,19
]}

Rushton, Anthony P. ^{[20
,21
]}

Russell, David M. ^{[22
]}

Sivakoff, Gregory R. ^{[23
]}

Tetarenko, Alexandra J. ^{[24
]}

Tudose, Valeriu ^{[25
]}

Wilms, Joern ^{[26
]}

机构：

[1] Curtin Univ, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, Perth, WA 6845, Australia

[2] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA

[3] Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia

[4] OzGrav Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Grav, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia

[5] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England

[6] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Computat Astrophys, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China

[7] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China

[8] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA

[9] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland

[10] Harvard & Smithsonian, Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[11] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands

[12] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Daejeon 34055, South Korea

[13] Univ Sci & Technol, Daejeon 34113, South Korea

[14] Univ Western Australia, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

[15] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany

[16] European Res Infrastruct Consortium, Joint Inst Very Long Baseline Interferometry, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands

[17] Univ Amsterdam, Gravitat & Astroparticle Phys Amsterdam Inst, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands

[18] CSIRO, Astron & Space Sci, Perth, WA 6102, Australia

[19] Inst Geog Nacl Expanol, Observ Astronom Nacl, Madrid 28014, Spain

[20] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England

[21] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

[22] New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Ctr Astro Particle & Planetary Phys, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates

[23] Univ Alberta, Centennial Ctr Interdisciplinary Sci, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada

[24] East Asian Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA

[25] Inst Space Sci, Bucharest 077125, Romania

[26] Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Karl Remeis Sternwarte & Erlangen Ctr Astropar, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany

[27] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany

来源：

SCIENCE | 2021年 / 371卷 / 6533期

基金：

澳大利亚研究理事会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;

关键词：

GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE SOURCES; CONTINUUM-FITTING METHOD; COMPACT OBJECT; OB-STARS; STELLAR EVOLUTION; RADIO-EMISSION; BINARY; SPIN; ACCRETION; JET;

D O I：

10.1126/science.abb3363

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The evolution of massive stars is influenced by the mass lost to stellar winds over their lifetimes. These winds limit the masses of the stellar remnants (such as black holes) that the stars ultimately produce. We used radio astrometry to refine the distance to the black hole x-ray binary Cygnus X-1, which we found to be 2.22(-0.17)(+0.18) kiloparsecs. When combined with archival optical data, this implies a black hole mass of 21.2 +/- +/- 2.2 solar masses, which is higher than previous measurements. The formation of such a high-mass black hole in a high-metallicity system (within the Milky Way) constrains wind mass loss from massive stars.

引用

页码：1046 / +

页数：41

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