Heat transfer enhancement in laminar impinging flows with a non-newtonian inelastic fluid

Non-Newtonian rheology, even when relatively benign, can alter the developing velocity field characteristics in laminar and turbulent impinging flows and thereby affect heat transfer distributions along the impinging surface. We consider steady laminar axisymmetric impinging jet flow of an inelastic Carreau fluid and analyze the effects of rheology on Nusselt number profiles at the impinging surface. Numerical calculations are presented for nozzle Reynolds numbers up to 750 and geometrical aspect ratios from to 4, while the chosen rheological parameter range allows for local viscosity variation of three orders of magnitude within high strain rate domains in the wall jet region of the flow. Our results demonstrate that substantial enhancement in heat transfer rates occur both in the impinging zone and in the wall jet. The calculations show that the local Nusselt number can be up to an order of magnitude larger, and the enhancement may persist for several nozzle diameters downstream of the stagnation point. The inclusion of even moderate temperature dependent viscosity behavior serves to augment the enhancement. We use the numerical results to identify those features of the developing velocity field that are primarily responsible for the observed heat transfer enhancement, and conclude that different underlying mechanisms are relevant in the impinging zone and in the wall jet region of the flow. Consideration also is given to the effects of viscous heating, which are shown to depend significantly on the geometrical aspect ratio. Suitably defined average Nusselt numbers are computed to quantify the extent of heat transfer enhancement as a function of the governing parameters describing fluid rheology and the developing flow field, and specific results are presented for impinging jet heat transfer with a 0.125% polyacrylamide solution. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.