Affine arithmetic-based power flow algorithm considering uncertainty for hybrid AC/DC grids incorporating VSCs

The randomness of new energy generation and variation in load demands bring uncertainty to large AC/DC grids. Traditional deterministic power flow equations have difficulty coping with the uncertainties of new energy generation and load. Here, an affine arithmetic (AA)-based uncertainty power flow algorithm for hybrid AC/DC grids incorporating voltage source converters (VSCs) is presented. VSC station and DC grid models are established using AA. Diverse VSC control modes are considered in the power flow iterations. A comparison using the Monte-Carlo method shows that the proposed algorithm is able to obtain a feasible solution. The proposed method can be used by power system operators and planners to monitor and control AC/DC grids under various uncertainties.