Gephyrin-mediated formation of inhibitory postsynaptic density sheet via phase separation

被引:49
作者
Bai, Guanhua [1 ]
Wang, Yu [1 ]
Zhang, Mingjie [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Div Life Sci, State Key Lab Mol Neurosci, Kowloon, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[2] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Syst Biol & Human Hlth, Kowloon, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
关键词
GLYCINE RECEPTOR; STRUCTURAL BASIS; DIRECT BINDING; BETA-SUBUNIT; LIQUID-PHASE; SYNAPSES; STOICHIOMETRY; COMPLEXES; SUBTYPES; KINASE;
D O I
10.1038/s41422-020-00433-1
中图分类号
Q2 [细胞生物学];
学科分类号
071009 ; 090102 ;
摘要
Inhibitory synapses are also known as symmetric synapses due to their lack of prominent postsynaptic densities (PSDs) under a conventional electron microscope (EM). Recent cryo-EM tomography studies indicated that inhibitory synapses also contain PSDs, albeit with a rather thin sheet-like structure. It is not known how such inhibitory PSD (iPSD) sheet might form. Here, we demonstrate that the key inhibitory synapse scaffold protein gephyrin, when in complex with either glycine or GABA(A) receptors, spontaneously forms highly condensed molecular assemblies via phase separation both in solution and on supported membrane bilayers. Multivalent and specific interactions between the dimeric E-domain of gephyrin and the glycine/GABA(A) receptor multimer are essential for the iPSD condensate formation. Gephyrin alone does not form condensates. The linker between the G- and E-domains of gephyrin inhibits the iPSD condensate formation via autoinhibition. Phosphorylation of specific residues in the linker or binding of target proteins such as dynein light chain to the linker domain regulates gephyrin-mediated glycine/GABA(A) receptor clustering. Thus, analogous to excitatory PSDs, iPSDs are also formed by phase separation-mediated condensation of scaffold protein/neurotransmitter receptor complexes.
引用
收藏
页码:312 / 325
页数:14
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