Health-related quality of life in children and youth with acquired brain injury: Two years after injury

Objective: To determine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and youth with acquired brain injury (ABI) two years post-injury and explore associated factors. Design: Cross-sectional. Subjects: Children and youth (n = 72; aged 6-22 years) with mild to severe ABI (87% mild). Methods: The primary outcome measures self-reported and parent-reported HRQoL were assessed with the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and compared with age appropriate reference values of the Dutch population. Spearman correlation coefficients (R-s) were used to explore relationships between HRQoL and sociodemographic and ABI characteristics, severity of impairments and presence of post-injury problems. Results: Children and youth with ABI and the reference population had similar self-reported HRQoL. However, as reported by parents, children with ABI aged 6-7 years and youth aged 13-18 years had poorer HRQoL regarding psychosocial health. Children's post-injury cognitive, behavioural and social problems were moderately associated with poorer HRQoL, especially psychosocial health (R-s >= 0.40). Severity nor type of injury were associated with children's HRQoL. Conclusion: Two years post-injury, in children and youth with mild to severe ABI, reported HRQoL is similar to that in the general population, whereas parents reported less favourable outcomes. Post-injury cognitive, behavioural and social problems require ongoing attention during long-term follow-up. (C) 2015 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.