Upregulation of hippocampal synaptophysin, GFAP and mGluR3 in a pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy with history of prolonged febrile seizure

Despite the increasing interest and efforts to prevent, treat, and control epilepsy and its clinical manifestation (seizure), the prevalence has not decreased due to incomplete understanding of its etiology. The present study aimed at determining the effect of prolonged febrile seizure (PFS) on the onset of seizure in pilocarpine rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). After induction of PFS at postnatal day (PND) 14 in ten out of thirty pups, epilepsy was induced with 350 mg/ kg of pilocarpine on PND 60 in the 10 rats with PFS and 10 from the saline group. Animals that met the criteria for TLE were then chosen for the study. Effects of PFS on status epilepticus and the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs) were observed. The hippocampal synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3) expressions were also measured with LI Cor Tissue florescence, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry respectively. We found that PFS reduced the onset of status epilepticus, but had no influence on the development of SRSs. Also, there was no difference in the hippocampal expression of synaptophysin and GFAP between rats that had pilocarpine with or without background PFS. However, the mGluR3 expression was significantly higher in pilocarpine with PFS when compared to pilocarpine alone. Our result showed that PFS may lead to epilepsy. It is also obvious that epilepsy with or without PFS history affects neurochemical expression of synaptophysin, GFAP and mGluR3, hence these proteins may be good targets for drug therapy in reducing both the mortality and morbidity of the disease.