Stabilizing Perovskite Solar Cells to IEC61215:2016 Standards with over 9,000-h Operational Tracking

The stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been considered as the largest obstacle to their commercialization. Herein, we observed that the main failure mechanism for MAPbI(3) perovskite is the escape of methylammonium (MA) iodide at the grain boundaries in an open space or the reconstruction of crystal in a confined small space, as well as the irreversible long-distance ionic migration under the multiple actions of light, heat, and electrical bias. Strengthened with bifunctional organic molecular of 5-ammoniumvaleric acid (5-AVA) iodide at the grain boundaries, the MAPbI(3) crystal was localized in the nanoscale, and thus, the decomposition or reconstructionwas inhibited and the ionicmigration became reversible. As a result, we propose a reliable approach tomake PSCs meet stability standards of IEC61215:2016 qualification tests. A printable PSC filled with (5-AVA)(X)MA(1-X)PbI(3) has been working for more than 9,000 h at a maximum power point of 55 degrees C +/- 5 degrees C without obvious decay.