Enabling electricity access: a comprehensive energy efficient approach mitigating climate/weather variability - Part II

Population dispersion necessitates grid expansion to meet electricity demand. For many developing countries and remote communities, meeting electricity demand is a challenge due to a power generation shortage and load variability that is highly driven by weather uncertainty. Electric utilities' practical planning solutions are to disable electricity access from new residential regions, supply at least 10% of the non-electrified regions, or follow a rotating feeder curtailment such that the new regions are electrified for a few hours daily. This study proposes an alternative framework to plan electricity access more efficiently in developing countries. A probabilistic multi-stage optimisation framework that first incorporates in-depth analysis of appliance operational models, second accounts for AC grid codes of operation and third anticipates consumers' actions is deployed. The framework is formulated to account for climate/weather uncertainty factors. Results show that energy efficiency can reach up to 97%, and the computation time can be improved by 99.6% with respect to the existing current state-of-the-art approaches.