Added Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in the MRI Assessment of Perilesional Tumor Recurrence After Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinomas

Purpose: To investigate the additional value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the MRI assessment of perilesionally recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Materials and Methods: For gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced, multiphasic dynamic images with precontrast T1- and T2-weighted images of 23 patients treated with TACE, two radiologists independently sorted the confidence levels for the presence of a viable tumor in the vicinity of the treated lesions into five grades. In another session, images from DWI (b factor = 50, 400, and 866 s/mm(2)) were added to the previously reviewed images and the same radiologists sorted the confidence levels. Results: A total of 26 lesions (0.7-3.5 cm) from 16 patients were confirmed to be perilesional recurrences of HCC. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (A(z)) for the second interpretation session (0.826) was not significantly different (P = 0.299) from that of the first session (0.859). The overall sensitivity was increased from 85% to but the specificity decreased from 65% to 50% after adding DWI. Conclusion: The addition, of DWI has the potential to improve sensitivity, but not the overall diagnostic accuracy, in the assessment of perilesional recurrence of HCCs after chemoembolization.