Injury, stimulation or training can induce changes in the homuncular organization of primary somatosensory (S1) and motor cortex (M1)1,2,3,4,5,6. Phantom limb pain was identified as a perceptual correlate of this cortical reorganization2,7. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we found that enhanced use of a myoelectric prosthesis in upper extremity amputees was associated with reduced phantom limb pain and reduced cortical reorganization. Extensive use of a myoelectric prosthesis might have beneficial effects on phantom limb pain.