Wisdom -: A metaheuristic (pragmatic) to orchestrate mind and virtue toward excellence

被引:601
作者
Baltes, PB [1 ]
Staudinger, UM [1 ]
机构
[1] Max Planck Inst Human Dev, Ctr Lifespan Psychol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
关键词
D O I
10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.122
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
The primary, focus of this article is on the presentation of wisdom research conducted under the heading of the Berlin wisdom paradigm. Informed by a cultural-historical analysis, wisdom in this paradigm is defined as an expert knowledge system concerning the fundamental pragmatics of life. These include knowledge and judgment about the meaning and conduct of life and the orchestration of human development toward excellence while attending conjointly to personal and collective well-being. Measurement includes think-aloud protocols concerning various problems of life associated with life planning, life management, ann life review. Responses are evaluated with reference to a family of 5 criteria: rich factual and procedural knowledge, lifespan contextualism, relativism of values and life priorities, and recognition and management of uncertainty,. A series of studies is reported that aim to describe, explain, and optimize wisdom. The authors conclude with a new theoretical perspective that characterizes wisdom? as a cognitive and motivational metaheuristic (pragmatic) that organizes and orchestrates knowledge toward human excellence in mind and virtue, both individually and collectively.
引用
收藏
页码:122 / 135
页数:14
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