Polymer sequestrants for biological and environmental applications

Toxic contaminates have profound consequences on both health and the environment. Consequently, effective approaches for addressing the effects of these toxicants are paramount. Here, we review recent progress in developing polymeric sequestrants for biological toxins, heavy metals and organic micropollutants. Polymers have several advantages as sequestration materials, including relatively low cost and high affinity for target compounds. As a result a number of polymer-based toxin-mitigation applications have been investigated. Naturally occurring toxins may be neutralized with polymers capable of binding and eliminating them from the body. Heavy metal contamination from mining operations, energy and industrial sources may also be mitigated with appropriate chelating polymers, both for environmental remediation and in chelation therapy for metal poisoning. Micropollutants such as pesticides from agriculture and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from combustion processes may also be isolated using polymeric materials. Each of these applications illustrates the capabilities of polymers for eliminating toxic contaminants, thereby facilitating greater health and sustainability. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry