Adipokines expression profiles in both plasma and peri renal adipose tissue in Large White and Meishan sows: A possible involvement in the fattening and the onset of puberty

In pig, backfat deposition is strongly related to the growth and reproductive performance. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of adipose tissue are not clearly understood. Adipose tissue is now recognized as an important endocrine organ that secretes a variety of factors including adipokines. However, the regulation of expression pattern of these adipokines in both plasma and visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) in lean and fat pig is unclear. In the present study, we used two representative porcine breeds (Large White, LW; Meishan, MS) with contrasting backfat thickness and sexual maturity age. Using specific ELISA assays, we determined the plasma profile of eight adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, apelin, chemerin, resistin, omentin and vaspin in LW and MS sows. By RT-qPCR and western-blot we also investigated the mRNA and protein levels of these adipokines and their cognate receptors (LEPR, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, CMKLR1, CCRL2, GPR1, APLNR, TLR4, ROR1, CAP1 and HSPA5) in the peri renal WAT, respectively. At both plasma and peri renal WAT level, we found that the amounts of leptin, chemerin, resistin and vaspin were higher whereas those of adiponectin and omentin were lower in MS than LW sows. Plasma and adipose tissue visfatin and apelin levels were not different between the two breeds. Moreover, we noted that the variations of peri renal WAT adipokines observed between MS and LW were similar at the protein and mRNA level except for chemerin and apelin suggesting post-transcriptional modifications for these two adipokines. Finally, among the eight adipokines studied, we showed that only the plasma concentrations of leptin and chemerin were positively and those of adiponectin, negatively associated with the thickness of fat and opposite correlation was found for the onset of puberty in both LW and MS animals. Taken together, these results support a potential involvement of adipokines in WAT regulation and its link with the onset of the puberty in sows.