Prevalence of lifestyle behaviors and associations with health-related quality of life among older female cancer survivors

Purpose Healthy lifestyles including maintaining a normal weight, consuming a healthy diet, and being physically active can improve prognosis and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among cancer survivors. The largest proportion of cancer survivors are older adults (>= 65 years), yet their lifestyle behaviors are understudied. This study sought to examine the lifestyle behaviors (maintaining healthy weight, diet quality, physical activity) of older female cancer survivors and identify associations with HRQoL. Methods Older female cancer survivors (n = 171) completed surveys to assess HRQoL (RAND-36), unintentional weight loss, body mass index (BMI), diet quality (HEI-2015), and physical activity. Demographic information and medical record data were also collected. Descriptive analyses, correlations, and stepwise linear regressions were utilized. Results Physical and mental HRQoL of the sample (mean age = 74.50 years) were low: 41.94 +/- 10.50 and 48.47 +/- 7.18, respectively, out of 100. Physical activity was low: 75.3%, 54.2%, and 68.1% reported no strenuous, moderate, and mild physical activity, respectively. Mean BMI was 27.71 +/- 6.24 (overweight) with 64% of the participants being overweight or obese. Mean HEI-2015 scores were 66.54 +/- 10.0. Engagement in moderate physical activity was associated with higher physical HRQoL (beta = 0.42,p = 0.004). Being white (beta = 0.53,p < 0.001), older (beta = 0.27,p = 0.025), and having higher HEI scores (beta = 0.30,p = 0.011) were associated with higher mental HRQoL. Conclusions Older cancer survivors report poor diet quality, high rates of being overweight or obese, and low levels of physical activity that impact their HRQoL. Results indicate the need for tailored health coaching for older cancer survivors regarding their lifestyle behaviors to improve prognosis and HRQoL.