The Methanol Economy: Methane and Carbon Dioxide Conversion

Need for clean energy is imminent and methanol is considered as a promising alternative energy source. Conventional process for the production of methanol has been achieved via syngas which is derived by the steam reforming of methane or naphtha and the gasification of coal. Methanol can also be prepared by direct oxidation of methane (natural gas) or reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with hydrogen. In this way, carbon-neutral cycling can be achieved and world's dependence on fossil fuels will be alleviated. In this minireview, we will address case by case some recent advancements in the conversion of methane and CO2 to methanol both homogeneously and heterogeneously with emphasis on the contribution from Professor George A. Olah's and our group. In the end, a short outlook is provided towards existing problems and future opportunities.