Pharmacodynamic interaction between propofol and remifentanil regarding hypnosis, tolerance of laryngoscopy, bispectral index, and electroencephalographic approximate entropy

被引:268
作者
Bouillon, TW
Bruhn, J
Radulescu, L
Andresen, C
Shafer, TJ
Cohane, C
Shafer, SL
机构
[1] Palo Alto Vet Affairs Hlth Care Syst, Anesthesiol Serv 112A, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
[2] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
[3] Univ Bern, Inselspital, Dept Anesthesia, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
关键词
D O I
10.1097/00000542-200406000-00006
中图分类号
R614 [麻醉学];
学科分类号
100217 ;
摘要
Background The purpose of this investigation was to describe the pharmacodynamic interaction between propofol and remifentanil for probability of no response to shaking and shouting, probability of no response to laryngoscopy, Bispectral Index (BIS), and electroencephalographic approximate entropy (AE). Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers received either propofol or remifentanil alone and then concurrently with a fixed concentration of remifentanil or propofol, respectively, via a target-controlled infusion. Responses to shaking and shouting and to laryngoscopy were assessed multiple times after allowing for plasma effect site equilibration. The raw electroencephalogram and BIS were recorded throughout the study, and AE was calculated off-line. Response surfaces were fit to the clinical response data using logistic regression or hierarchical response models. Response surfaces were also estimated for BIS and AE. Surfaces were visualized using three-dimensional rotations. Model parameters were estimated with NONMEM. Results: Remifentanil alone had no appreciable effect on response to shaking and shouting or response to laryngoscopy. Propofol could ablate both responses. Modest remifentanil concentrations dramatically reduced the concentrations of propofol required to ablate both responses. The hierarchical response surface described the data better than empirical logistic regression. BIS and AE are more sensitive to propofol than to remifentanil. Conclusions: Remifentanil alone is ineffective at ablating response to stimuli but demonstrates potent synergy with propofol. BIS and AE values corresponding to 95% probability of ablating response are influenced by the combination of propofol and remifentanil to achieve this endpoint, with higher propofol concentrations producing lower values for BIS and AE.
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页码:1353 / 1372
页数:20
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