Targeted Molecular Therapies in the Treatment of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, Are We There Yet?

被引:6
作者
Khalafi, Shayan [1 ]
Lockhart, Albert Craig [2 ,3 ]
Livingstone, Alan S. [1 ]
El-Rifai, Wael [1 ,2 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Miami, Miler Sch Med, Dept Surg, Miami, FL 33136 USA
[2] Univ Miami, Miler Sch Med, Dept Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA
[3] Univ Miami, Miler Sch Med, Sylvester Comprehens Canc Ctr, Miami, FL 33136 USA
[4] Miami Healthcare Syst, Dept Vet Affairs, Miami, FL 33136 USA
关键词
esophageal adenocarcinoma; targeted therapy; immunotherapy; ADVANCED GASTRIC-CANCER; INVESTIGATIONAL AURORA KINASE; NIVOLUMAB PLUS IPILIMUMAB; RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE; FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; REDUCES TUMOR-GROWTH; PHASE-III TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION;
D O I
10.3390/cancers12113077
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Simple Summary Traditional therapeutic approaches to esophageal adenocarcinoma involve a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Despite innovations in treatment, outcomes remain poor. Targeted molecular therapies and immunotherapies have been used to great effect in various other solid tumors. Several targeted agents show promise in treating esophageal adenocarcinoma. In this review, we aim to highlight recent developments in the arena of targeted therapeutics and suggest topics of future investigations. Esophageal adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased at an alarming rate in the Western world and long-term survival remains poor. Current treatment approaches involve a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Unfortunately, standard first-line approaches are met with high rates of recurrence and metastasis. More recent investigations into the distinct molecular composition of these tumors have uncovered key genetic and epigenetic alterations involved in tumorigenesis and progression. These discoveries have driven the development of targeted therapeutic agents in esophageal adenocarcinoma. While many agents have been studied, therapeutics targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways have demonstrated improved survival. More recent advances in immunotherapies have also demonstrated survival advantages with monoclonal antibodies targeting the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). In this review we highlight recent advances of targeted therapies, specifically agents targeting receptor tyrosine kinases, small molecule kinase inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. While targeted therapeutics and immunotherapies have significantly improved survival, the benefits are limited to patients whose tumors express biomarkers such as PD-L1 and HER2. Survival remains poor for the remainder of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, underscoring the critical need for development of novel treatment strategies.
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页码:1 / 22
页数:22
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