A labile hydride strategy for the synthesis of heavily nitridized BaTiO3

Oxynitrides have been explored extensively in the past decade because of their interesting properties, such as visible-light absorption, photocatalytic activity and high dielectric permittivity. Their synthesis typically requires high-temperature NH3 treatment (800-1,300 degrees C) of precursors, such as oxides, but the highly reducing conditions and the low mobility of N(3-)species in the lattice place significant constraints on the composition and structure-and hence the properties-of the resulting oxynitrides. Here we show a topochemical route that enables the preparation of an oxynitride at low temperatures (< 500 degrees C), using a perovskite oxyhydride as a host. The lability of H-in BaTiO3-xHx (x <= 0.6) allows H-/N3- exchange to occur, and yields a room-temperature ferroelectric BaTiO3-xN2x/3. This anion exchange is accompanied by a metal-to-insulator crossover via mixed O-H-N intermediates. These findings suggest that this 'labile hydride' strategy can be used to explore various oxynitrides, and perhaps other mixed anionic compounds.