The Financial Impact of the Affordable Care Act on a Level-1 Orthopedic Trauma Service

Objectives: To determine the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on professional fees and proportion of payer type for an orthopedic trauma service at a level-1 trauma center. Methods: We analyzed professional fee data and payer mix for the 18 months before and after implementation of the ACA. Data were collected for inpatients (IP) and outpatients (OP). We corrected for changes in patient volume between the 2-time periods by calculating average values per patient. Results: Post ACA, we treated a higher percentage of patients with Medicaid and had a reduction in the percentage of uninsured/county payers. Collections for IPs decreased $ 75.49/patient and OPs decreased $ 0.10/patient. Our collection rate decreased 6% for IPs and 5% for OPs. In particular, Medicaid collections decreased by $ 180/IP, and $ 4/OP, and Medicare decreased by $ 61/IP and increased $ 5/OP post ACA, whereas contract collections increased by $ 140/IP and $ 20/OP. The changes in our own institution's insurance were mixed with decreases of $ 514/IP for partial risk and $ 735/ IP for full-risk insurance and increases of $ 1/OP for partial risk, and $ 35/OP for full-risk insurance. Conclusions: Post ACA, we saw less patients, primarily in the OP setting. This shift was accompanied by a significant decrease in our collection rate; specifically, a decrease in the amount we collected per Medicaid patient-the category of payer that increased post ACA. The ACA did allow more uninsured patients access to medical care but was associated with lower IP and OP reimbursements.