Dual phases of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking

The phase structure of a relativistic massless quark system possessing chiral SU(2)(L) x SU(2)(R) and global color SU(3)(c) symmetry is studied by introducing a 4-fermion interaction model Lagrangian. The emphasis is put on a possible formation in such a system of a phase, which is called the beta-phase of the vacuum, induced by a diquark condensation. The physical properties of the beta-phase are studied. It includes the properties of quasi-particles, the Goldstone bosons, and the fermionic effects on the propagation of a photon when the system is in the beta-phase. Some techniques used in the study of the beta-phase are developed and discussed. It includes the use of an 8-component ''real'' representation for the Dirac spinor, diagrammatic expansion method in this representation, Ward-Takahashi identities, and a new way of introducing auxiliary fields. Some of the consequences are briefly mentioned. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.