Deficits in automatically detecting changes in conjunction of auditory features in patients with schizophrenia

Disturbances in processing simple acoustic changes in a stream of stimuli have been widely reported in patients with schizophrenia, but little is know about auditory feature conjunction in these individuals. This study was designed to examine the extent to which patients with schizophrenia automatically process changes in conjunction of auditory features by using event-related brain potentials. Seventeen patients and 17 age-matched controls were presented with frequent low pitch tones at 45degrees to the left of center and frequent high pitch tones at 45degrees to the right of center while performing a continuous visual serial-choice reaction time task. The sequence of auditory stimuli included rare conjunction-deviants comprised of a different combination of features (e.g., low pitch tone at 45degrees right) and double-deviant tones that differed from the standard tones in both pitch and location (i.e., middle pitch at 0degrees azimuth). Conjunction-deviant stimuli elicited an MMN wave that was maximum at frontocentral sites. Compared with controls, the MMN to conjunction-deviant was reduced in patients and was more centrally distributed. Double-deviant sounds generated a biphasic MMN followed by a P3a wave at central sites. Both MMN and P3a were reduced in patients compared with controls. These results show that patients with schizophrenia have difficulty in automatically detecting changes in a combination of auditory features as well as orienting to what "normally" would be considered salient by healthy individuals.