Generation of spikes in ultrafine particle emissions from a gasoline direct injection vehicle during on-road emission tests

被引:7
|
作者
Xu, Junshi [1 ]
Tu, Ran [1 ]
Wang, An [1 ]
Zhai, Zhiqiang [1 ]
Hatzopoulou, Marianne [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Toronto, Civil & Mineral Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada
关键词
Particle number; PEMS measurement; Sharp acceleration; High engine torque; Spike detection; PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; COOLANT TEMPERATURE; PASSENGER CARS; FUEL; GDI; NUMBER; SYSTEM; ENGINE; NANOPARTICLES; IMPACT;
D O I
10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115695
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
This study explores the generation of ultrafine particle emissions, measured in particle number (PN), based on a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) in the City of Toronto between October and December 2019. Two driving routes were designed to include busy arterial roads and highways. All measurements were conducted between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Altogether, emissions from 31 drives were collected, leading to approximately 200,000 s of data. A spike detection algorithm was employed to isolate PN spikes in time series data. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify the most optimum method for spike detection. The results indicate that the average emission rate during a PN spike is approximately 8 times the emission rate along the rest of the drive. In each test trip, about 25% of the duration was attributed to spike events, contributing 75% of total PN emissions. A Pearson correlation of 0.45 was estimated between the number of PN spikes and the number of sharp accelerations (above 8.5 km/h/s). The Pearson correlation between the occurrence of high engine torque (above 65.0 Nm) and the number of PN spikes was estimated at 0.80. The number of PN spikes was highest on arterial roads where the vehicle speed was relatively low, but with high variability, and including a high number of sharp accelerations. This pattern of UFP emissions leads to high UFP concentrations along arterial roads in the inner city core. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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页数:9
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