Geomorphic and geologic controls of geohazards induced by Nepal's 2015 Gorkha earthquake

被引：355

作者：

Kargel, J. S. ^{[1
]}

Leonard, G. J. ^{[1
]}

Shugar, D. H. ^{[2
]}

Haritashya, U. K. ^{[3
]}

Bevington, A. ^{[4
]}

Fielding, E. J. ^{[5
]}

Fujita, K. ^{[6
]}

Geertsema, M. ^{[4
]}

Miles, E. S. ^{[7
]}

Steiner, J. ^{[8
]}

Anderson, E. ^{[9
]}

Bajracharya, S. ^{[10
]}

Bawden, G. W. ^{[11
]}

Breashears, D. F. ^{[12
]}

Byers, A. ^{[13
]}

Collins, B. ^{[14
]}

Dhital, M. R. ^{[15
]}

Donnellan, A. ^{[5
]}

Evans, T. L. ^{[16
]}

Geai, M. L. ^{[17
]}

Glasscoe, M. T. ^{[5
]}

Green, D. ^{[11
]}

Gurung, D. R. ^{[10
]}

Heijenk, R. ^{[4
]}

Hilborn, A. ^{[16
]}

Hudnut, K. ^{[18
]}

Huyck, C. ^{[19
]}

Immerzeel, W. W. ^{[20
]}

Jiang Liming ^{[21
]}

Jibson, R. ^{[22
]}

Kaab, A. ^{[23
]}

Khanal, N. R. ^{[10
]}

Kirschbaum, D. ^{[24
]}

Kraaijenbrink, P. D. A. ^{[20
]}

Lamsal, D. ^{[5
]}

Liu Shiyin ^{[25
]}

Lv Mingyang ^{[26
]}

McKinney, D. ^{[27
]}

Nahirnick, N. K. ^{[16
]}

Nan Zhuotong ^{[28
]}

Ojha, S. ^{[5
]}

Olsenholler, J. ^{[29
]}

Painter, T. H. ^{[5
]}

Pleasants, M. ^{[3
]}

Pratima, K. C. ^{[30
]}

Yuan, Q. I. ^{[25
]}

Raup, B. H. ^{[31
]}

Regmi, D. ^{[32
]}

Rounce, D. R. ^{[33
]}

Sakai, A. ^{[6
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[2] Univ Washington, Sch Interdisciplinary Arts & Sci, Tacoma, WA USA

[3] Univ Dayton, Dept Geol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA

[4] Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resource Operat, Prince George, BC, Canada

[5] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA

[6] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan

[7] Univ Cambridge, Scott Polar Res Inst, Cambridge CB2 1ER, England

[8] Fed Inst Technol ETH, Inst Environm Engn, Zurich, Switzerland

[9] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA

[10] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, Kathmandu, Nepal

[11] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA

[12] GlacierWorks, Marblehead, MA USA

[13] Mt Inst, Elkins, WV USA

[14] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA

[15] Tribhuvan Univ, Cent Dept Geol, Kathmandu, Nepal

[16] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Victoria, BC, Canada

[17] CVA Engn, Suresnes, France

[18] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA

[19] ImageCat, Long Beach, CA USA

[20] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Utrecht, Netherlands

[21] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, State Key Lab Geodesy & Earths Dynam, Wuhan, Hubei Province, Peoples R China

[22] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA

[23] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway

[24] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[25] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China

[26] Nanjing Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

[27] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA

[28] Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

[29] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX USA

[30] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Remote Sensing Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA

[31] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[32] Himalayan Res Ctr, Kathmandu, Nepal

[33] Univ Texas Austin, Environm & Water Resources Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA

[34] Wadia Inst Himalayan Geol, Dehra Dun, India

[35] MacDonald Dettwiler & Associates GSI, Ottawa, ON, Canada

[36] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[37] Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Architecture & Urban Planning, Xiangtan, Peoples R China

[38] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geog, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA

[39] Global Land Ice Measurements Space GLIMS Steward, Anchorage, AK USA

[40] Northwest Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci & Environm, Beijing, Peoples R China

[41] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA

[42] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia

来源：

SCIENCE | 2016年 / 351卷 / 6269期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 中国国家自然科学基金;

关键词：

2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; LARGE ROCKSLIDES; GLACIERS; DISPLACEMENT; TOPOGRAPHY; CALIFORNIA; AFTERSHOCK; MOUNTAINS; HIMALAYAS;

D O I：

10.1126/science.aac8353

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The Gorkha earthquake (magnitude 7.8) on 25 April 2015 and later aftershocks struck South Asia, killing similar to 9000 people and damaging a large region. Supported by a large campaign of responsive satellite data acquisitions over the earthquake disaster zone, our team undertook a satellite image survey of the earthquakes' induced geohazards in Nepal and China and an assessment of the geomorphic, tectonic, and lithologic controls on quake-induced landslides. Timely analysis and communication aided response and recovery and informed decision-makers. We mapped 4312 coseismic and postseismic landslides. We also surveyed 491 glacier lakes for earthquake damage but found only nine landslide-impacted lakes and no visible satellite evidence of outbursts. Landslide densities correlate with slope, peak ground acceleration, surface downdrop, and specific metamorphic lithologies and large plutonic intrusions.

引用

页数：10

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