Revisiting ice nucleation from precipitation samples

被引：130

作者：

Petters, M. D. ^{[1
]}

Wright, T. P. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA

来源：

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS | 2015年 / 42卷 / 20期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

EMPIRICAL PARAMETERIZATION; NUCLEI CONCENTRATIONS; FREEZING NUCLEATION; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; CLOUDS; WATER; MICROPHYSICS; CUMULUS; RAIN; TEMPERATURES;

D O I：

10.1002/2015GL065733

中图分类号：

P [天文学、地球科学];

学科分类号：

07 ;

摘要：

An emerging and unsolved question is the sensitivity of cloud processes, precipitation, and climate to the atmospheric ice nucleus spectrum. This work revisits estimation of atmospheric ice-nucleating particle concentration derived from cloud water and precipitation samples representing a wide range of geographical locations, seasons, storm systems, precipitation types, instruments, concentrations, and temperatures. Concentrations of ice-nucleating particles are shown to vary over 10 orders of magnitude. High variability is observed in the -5 degrees C to -12 degrees C range which is suggested to be biologically derived nuclei whose life cycle is associated with intermittent source and efficient sink processes. The highest ever observed nucleus concentrations at -8 degrees C are 3 orders of magnitude lower than observed ice crystal concentrations in tropical cumuli at the same temperature. The observed upper and lower limits of the nucleus spectrum provide a possible constraint on minimum enhancement factors for secondary ice formation processes.

引用

页码：8758 / 8766

页数：9

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