Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Chronic Total Occlusion and Multivessel Disease

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been used increasingly as an alternative means of revascularization for patients with chronic total occlusion and multivessel disease. We investigated 5-year clinical outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and PCI in patients with chronic total occlusion and multivessel disease. METHODS: In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, 4324 consecutive patients with >= 1 chronic total occlusion and multivessel disease were treated with either CABG (n=2264) or PCI (n=2060) between 2010 and 2013. The primary outcome was 5-year composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. An inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting method was used adjusting for both patient and lesion characteristics. RESULTS: The unadjusted 5-year composite outcomes were similar between CABG group and PCI group (12.1% [258/2264] versus 11.4% [218/2060]; P=0.52). After adjustment for baseline variables, PCI was associated with significantly higher risk of composite outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.21 [95% CI, 1.02-1.44]; P=0.03). The inferiority of PCI in 5-year composite outcome was significant in patients with CABG recommendation according to SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score II (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.55 [95% CI, 1.14-2.09]; P=0.005) but not evident in patients with PCI or PCI/CABG equipoise recommendation according to SYNTAX score II (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.94 [95% CI, 0.75-1.17]; P=0.56). A similar risk of 5-year composite outcomes was observed between CABG and PCI with residual SYNTAX score <= 8. CONCLUSIONS: In this single-center retrospective study among patients with chronic total occlusion and multivessel disease, PCI was associated with higher risk of 5-year composite death, myocardial infarction, or stroke.